Health Information

Kwashiorkor is a protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) or protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is the most common nutritional disorder of the developing countries. Protein-energy malnutrition is widely prevalent in the infants and preschool children. Kwashiorkor was first introduced by the man cicely Williams in mid 20^th Century for the people who are suffering from nutritional disorder. The definition of Kwashiorkor means the children who are suffering from sickness and child who are deposed.

Causes

The term kwashiorkor is predominantly found in children between 1-5 years old. This is due to inadequate intake of proteins as the diet of a weaning child mainly consists of carbohydrate.

Clinical symptoms

The major clinical symptoms of kwashiorkor include stunted growth, edema (particularly on legs and hands), diarrhea, and discoloration of hair and skin, anemia, apathy and moon face.

Biochemical manifestations

Kwashiorkor is associated with a decreased plasma albumin concentration, fatty liver, and lack of k+ due to diarrhea. Edema occurs due to lack of adequate plasma proteins to maintain water distribution between blood and tissues. Disturbance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and fat is also observed. Several vitamins deficiency occur, plasma retinal binding protein (RBP) is reduced. The immunological response of the child to infection is very low.

Treatment

Taking in protein-rich foods or the dietary combination to provide about 3-4g of protein per kg body weight per day will control kwashiorkor. Measuring plasma albumin concentration, disappearance of edema and gain in body weight can monitor the treatment.