Posted by jayaram in Introduction
The pregnancy test is a test to determine the presence of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in the urine of woman suspected for pregnancy. Biological tests are available to test the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in the urine of the pregnant woman.
Biological tests
Using experimental animals performs these tests. The biological tests for pregnancy can be performed only after 2 or 3 weeks of conception so that, the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in urine is sufficient to show the result.
Aschheim-Zondek test
This was the first test invented for confirming pregnancy. This depends upon the ovarian changes in immature mice caused by human chorionic gonadotropin hormone. The immature mice do not ovulate naturally. Ovulation occurs only if hCG hormone is injected. 2 ml of urine from the woman suspected for pregnancy is injected daily for two days into the immature mice. Five days after injection of urine, the mice are killed. The ovaries are examined for the presence of corpora lutea and hemorrhages that indicates ovulation. Ovulation is due to the presence of hCG in urine.
Kupperman test
This is the modification of Aschheim-Zondek test in order to save time. In this an immature rat is used instead of immature mice. About 2 ml of urine is injected into immature rat and ovarian changes are observed after 6 hours. If urine is injected intraperitoneally, the ovarian changes can be observed within 2 hours.
Friedman test
In this test, 10 to 15ml of urine is injected intravenously into rabbit and ovulation is observed by examining the ovaries after 48 hours.
Hogben test
In this about 20 to 30ml of urine is concentrated. This concentrated urine is injected to the dorsal lymph sac of South African toad, Xenopus levis. Is hCG is present in the urine, it causes ovulation after 12 hours.
Galli-Mainini test
In this about 20 to 30 ml of urine is injected into the male amphibian. HCG in urine causes expulsion of spermatozoa within 2 hours.